Computer Basics Or Fundamental

What is a computer ?

Computer is an electronic device which is capable of receiving information and performing a sequence of operation in accordance with a predetermined and the variable set of a procedural instruction to produce the result in form of information. In simple words "Computer is an electronics device that capable to receiving information (data), processing them and give the result as output". Computer is an electronic device that manipulates information or data. Computer is use to store, retrieve and process data. We can use a computer to type a document, sending emails, playing games, communicate with others, browse the web etc.

Components Of Computer :

The major hardware components of a computer are :

Processor
Main memory
Secondary memory
Input device
Output device

Processor :

A processor is the logic circuitry that responds to processes the basic instruction that drive a computer. There are mainly 4 primary function of a processor. The 4 primary function of a processor are fetch, decode, execute and writeback.

The basic components of a processor:

The arithmetic logic unit
The floating point unit
Specialized Coprocessor
Registers
L1 and L2 cache memory

Now most of processors are multi-core, which means the IC contains two or more processor for enhanced performance. The term processor is used interchangeably with the central processing unit (CPU).

Main memory :

Main memory is also know as primary memory. Data is store in main memory for quick access by processor. Main memory is provides only temporary storage. Main memory is where programs and data are kept when the processor is active. Main memory data is lost when the power turn off. Computer can manipulate only data that is in main memory or primary memory.
Main memory is two types. These are :

RAM (Random Access Memory)
ROM (Read Only Memory)

RAM is use to save the continued access applications data. RAM is the most common type of memory that found in computer, printer, smartphones etc.
ROM is most important to save the information (Data). It is commonly used in computer, smartphones etc.

Secondary memory :

Secondary memory is a computer memory that non-volatile. Secondary memory is not directly access by the computer or processor. It allows to store data instantly and easily use them. Secondary memory data is not lose when the power turn off.
Currently the most common forms of secondary storage device are :

Floppy disks
Hard disks
Optical disks
Magnetic tapes
Solid state devices

Input device :

An input device is any hardware device that sends data to a computer. Input device is most important to send the data to a computer. The most important input device is keyboard and mouse. Many other input device exist for entering other type of data like sounds, images, videos etc. Microphone is use to entering sounds as a information (data) and web camera is use to entering images and videos as a information(data). Example of input device is mouse, keyboard, joy stick, light pen, track ball, scanner, graphic tablet, microphone etc.

Output device :

An output device is any hardware device that used to send data from computer to user or other device. Output device is most important to receive the data from a computer. The most important output device is monitor and speaker. Monitor is use to displays information in a pictorial form and speaker is use to produce audio as output that can be heard by the listener. Example of output device is monitors, graphic plotter, printer etc.

So here is the end of Computer Basics Or Fundamental. I am always updating more articles like this, Stay tuned with Technical Support. Please feel free to write your opinion in comment box.